Comparing Technology Entrepreneurship and Social Innovation: An Analysis of France's Position Relative to China and US

Walid Ghodbane

doi:10.54060/jmss.2023.47

Authors

Walid Ghodbane ESCT Business School, Manouba University, Tunisia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54060/jmss.2023.47

Keywords:

France, China, United States, innovation

Abstract

This research paper compares the positions of France, China, and the United States in the fields of technology entrepreneurship and social innovation. The paper explores the various factors that have contributed to France's lagging position in these areas relative to China and the US. Through an indepth analysis of policy frameworks, cul-tural attitudes towards entrepreneurship, and investment patterns, this paper offers insight into how France can improve its innovation ecosystem. The paper concludes by highlighting the importance of policy and cultural changes in fostering innovation, and the need for France to adopt a more proactive approach to innovation in order to remain competitive in the global economy.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ashoka, “Social Innovators in France,” 2021. Retrieved from https://www.ashoka.org/encountries/france/social-entrepreneurship-france

R. Baldwin, & A. Dupuy, “Entrepreneurship and industrial strategy,”. London, UK: Centre for Economic Policy Research, 2018.

J. Battilana and S. Dorado, “Building sustainable hybrid organizations: The case of commercial microfinance organiza-tions,” Acad. Manage. J., vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 1419–1440, 2010.

R. Boschma and K. Frenken, “The emerging empirics of evolutionary economic geography,” J. Econ. Geogr., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 295–307, 2011.

R. A. Burgelman, M. A. Maidique, and S. C. Wheelwright, Strategic management of technology and innovation. McGraw-Hill Education, 2001.

P. Cappelli and J. R. Keller, “Talent management: Conceptual approaches and practical challenges,” Annu. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 305–331, 2014.

EY, “EY Startup Barometer France,” 2020. Retrieved from https://www.ey.com/fr_fr/entrepreneurship/ey- startup-barometer-france-2020

Forbes, “The 100 Most Successful Business Leaders in France,” 2020. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/france-billionaires/list/#tab:overall

A. Friedman and K. Laurin, “French higher education: A historical and comparative overview,” The Journal of Educa-tional Thought, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 3–22, 2014.

M. Henrekson and T. Sanandaji, “Small business activity does not measure entrepreneurship,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., vol. 111, no. 5, pp. 1760–1765, 2014.

G. Hofstede, “Culture's consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations,” (2nd ed.). Sage Publications, 2001.

J. S. Katz and M. Callon, “Micro-technologies and societal implications: The case of nanotechnologies,” Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol. 77, no. 9, pp. 1471–1481, 2010.

D. F. Kuratko and D. B. Audretsch, “Clarifying the domains of entrepreneurship research,” Journal of Small Business Man-agement, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 352–369, 2013.

M. Lackéus, “Entrepreneurship in a French context: Insights from an empirical study of entrepreneurship educa-tion,” Journal of Small Business Management, vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 970–985, 2015.

S. Mishra and D. Suar, “Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement: Empirical study in India,” Global Busi-ness Review, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 269–284, 2010.

OECD, “Entrepreneurship at a Glance,” 2019. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/cfe/entrepreneurship-at-a-glance-2019-9eeb5bf4-en.htm

OECD, “OECD Economic Surveys: France,” 2020. Retrieved from https://www.oecdilibrary.org/economics/oecd-economic-surveys-france-2020_1b9d8d2e-en

OECD, “Gross domestic spending on R&D (indicator),” 2021. doi: 10.1787/2d4aa8a1-en

F. Station, “Startups” 2021. Retrieved from https://stationf.co/startups/

J. Bell-Masterson and D. Stangler, “Measuring an entrepreneurial ecosystem,” SSRN Electron. J., 2015.

The Economist, “France's social innovation,” 2018. Retrieved from https://www.economist.com/theworld-if/2018/01/18/frances-social-innovation

The Economist, “Xavier Niel: France's most unconventional tycoon,” 2019. Retrieved from https://www.economist.com/business/2019/12/12/xavier-niel-frances-most-unconventional-tycoon

H. Wang and P. K. Wong, “Entrepreneurial inclination, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial intention: A study of Chinese undergraduate students,” Journal of Enterprising Culture, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 521–550, 2014.

World Economic Forum, “The Global Competitiveness Report 2017-2018,” 2017. Retrieved from http://www3.weforum.org/docs/GCR2017- 2018/05FullReport/TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport2017% E2%80%932018.pdf